K-2

Bottlenose Dolphin

Implement this lesson:

Use this lesson when discussing animal ecosystems, habitats, or other environmental TEKs. This lesson can be used as part of a larger local theme i.e. Oceans Week. It can also be used for a dolphin themed day. The duration of this lesson can vary based on student and teacher needs.

Learning Objective:

Students will be able to learn about one of the most interesting animals found in local saltwater habitats, the bottlenose dolphin. They will create an art project using their knowledge. 

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)

Science TEKS 

K.10(B)  identify basic parts of plants and animals  

K.10(A)  sort plants and animals into groups based on physical characteristics such as color, size, body covering, or leaf shape 

1.9(B) analyze and record examples of interdependence found in various situations such as terrariums and aquariums or pet and caregiver  

1.10(A)  investigate how the external characteristics of an animal are related to where it lives, how it moves, and what it eats

2.10(A) observe, record, and compare how the physical characteristics and behaviors of animals help them meet their basic needs   

2.10(B) observe, record, and compare how the physical characteristics of plants help them meet their basic needs such as stems carry water throughout the plant   

 2.10(C) investigate and record some of the unique stages that insects such as grasshoppers and butterflies undergo during their life cycle 

ELA TEKS

K.3(B) use illustrations and texts the student is able to read or hear to learn or clarify word meanings

K.5(B) generate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information with adult assistance 

K.5(E) make connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society with adult assistance 

1.9(D) recognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including: (ii) features and simple graphics to locate or gain information

1.6(C) make and correct or confirm predictions using text features, characteristics of genre, and structures with adult assistance 

2.6(B) generate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information 

2.6(I) monitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re‐reading, using background knowledge, checking for visual cues, and asking questions when understanding breaks down

Overview

There are nine different species of dolphins found in the Gulf. The only one found in our local bays and directly offshore is the bottlenose dolphin.

Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

The bottlenose dolphin is one of the most familiar and studied dolphin species. Known for their friendly behavior, intelligence, and curved “smile”, they are often seen in coastal waters and marine parks around the world.

Appearance and Behavior

  • Length: 2–4 meters (6.5–13 feet)
  • Weight: 150–650 kg (330–1,430 lbs)
  • Color: Gray, darker on the back and lighter on the belly (counter-shading for camouflage)
  • Has a short, rounded snout (“bottlenose”), a dorsal fin, and a streamlined body
  • Can swim up to 35 km/h (22 mph) and dive over 300 meters (1,000 feet)
  • Lives in groups (pods) of 2 to 15 dolphins, sometimes hundreds during feeding or migration
  • Very social, using clicks, whistles, and body movements to communicate

Diet and Feeding

  • Eats fish, squid, and crustaceans
  • Uses echolocation (sound waves) to find and track prey
  • Hunts in groups using teamwork, often herding fish into tight groups
  • Swallows food whole and can eat 15–30 pounds (7–14 kg) of food per day
  • Sometimes uses tools—like covering snouts with sponges to protect them while hunting on the seafloor

Life Cycle and Reproduction

  • Mating can happen year-round, with peaks in spring and summer
  • Females give birth to 1 calf every 3–6 years
  • Gestation lasts about 12 months
  • Calves are born tail-first and nurse for 1–2 years
  • Mothers are very attentive and calves stay with them for several years
  • Lifespan: up to 40–60 years in the wild

Habitat and Range

  • Found in warm and temperate seas worldwide
  • Common in coastal waters, bays, estuaries, and even river mouths
  • Also found in the open ocean, but usually stay closer to shore
  • Highly adaptable to different marine environments

Conservation Status

  • Listed as Least Concern, but some local populations are threatened
  • Main threats include:
    • Fishing gear entanglement (bycatch)
    • Pollution, especially heavy metals and plastics
    • Boat strikes and noise pollution
    • Loss of coastal habitats
  • Protected under marine mammal protection laws in many countries
  • Studied closely for their intelligence and role in marine ecosystems

Interesting Facts

  • One of the most intelligent animals on Earth—can recognize themselves in mirrors, understand symbols, and learn complex tasks
  • Use unique signature whistles like names to identify each other
  • Can sleep with one half of their brain at a time, keeping the other half alert for breathing and predators
  • Known to play with seaweed, ride waves, and even interact with humans
  • Often featured in aquariums, movies, and dolphin-assisted therapy programs

Possible Books:

  • Danny and Daisy: A Tale of a Dolphin Duo by Suzanne Tate
  • Daisy the Dolphin by Natalie Pritchard

Procedures: 

  1. Introduce bottlenose dolphins by asking what students know about them. Write what students say down in a possible KWL chart.
  2. Watch a video, read a book, or use slideshow to teach students about bottlenose dolphins.
  3. Complete one of the various art projects
  4. Read a book on bottlenose dolphins
  5. Possibly finish KWL chart

Materials

Dolphin Water Color Mosaic

  • Cardstock
  • Optional dolphin template
  • Elmers glue
  • Water colors
Reference Craft

Dolphin Research Book

  • Printed dolphin research book
  • Colors
Reference Craft

Dolphin Jumping

  • Paper plate
  • Dolphin template
  • Blue paint and paintbrushes
  • scissors
  • Glue
Reference Craft

Questions to Ask:

  • What do you know about bottlenose dolphins?
  • Have you ever seen a bottlenose dolphins?
  • How do bottlenose dolphins move?
  • Do we have bottlenose dolphins live nearby? 
  • Can bottlenose dolphins harm us?
  • What ecosystem does a bottlenose dolphins live in?
  • What is a bottlenose dolphins habitat?
  • What does a bottlenose dolphins need plants to survive in an ecosystem?
  • Is a bottlenose dolphins living or non living?
  • What does a bottlenose dolphins eat? What eats it?

Evaluations:

  • Student participation
  • Student created craft

Extensions:

  • Students write a fiction or nonfiction story about a dolphin
  • Students create their own model of a dolphin using maker space materials
  • Students complete various dolphin worksheets and lessons
  • Students can read other books or research about other types of dolphins

Lesson by: Amy Berger, Tanya Schilinger, Karleen Pape, Shawnee Estevanes, Yessica Azua