K-2

Our Local Ecosystem

Implement this lesson:

Use this lesson when discussing animal ecosystems, habitats, or other environmental TEKs. This lesson can be used as part of a larger local theme i.e. Oceans Week. It can also be used for a ecosystem themed day. The duration of this lesson can vary based on student and teacher needs.

Learning Objective:

Students will be able to learn about the local saltwater habitats. They will create an art project using their knowledge.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)

Science TEKS 

K.10(B)  identify basic parts of plants and animals  

K.10(A)  sort plants and animals into groups based on physical characteristics such as color, size, body covering, or leaf shape 

1.9(B) analyze and record examples of interdependence found in various situations such as terrariums and aquariums or pet and caregiver  

1.10(A)  investigate how the external characteristics of an animal are related to where it lives, how it moves, and what it eats

2.10(A) observe, record, and compare how the physical characteristics and behaviors of animals help them meet their basic needs   

2.10(B) observe, record, and compare how the physical characteristics of plants help them meet their basic needs such as stems carry water throughout the plant   

 2.10(C) investigate and record some of the unique stages that insects such as grasshoppers and butterflies undergo during their life cycle 

ELA TEKS

K.3(B) use illustrations and texts the student is able to read or hear to learn or clarify word meanings

K.5(B) generate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information with adult assistance 

K.5(E) make connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society with adult assistance 

1.9(D) recognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including: (ii) features and simple graphics to locate or gain information

1.6(C) make and correct or confirm predictions using text features, characteristics of genre, and structures with adult assistance 

2.6(B) generate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information 

2.6(I) monitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re‐reading, using background knowledge, checking for visual cues, and asking questions when understanding breaks down

Overview

Use the link to view the daily google slide presentation with examples and directions at the bottom of the slides. Please note that there are multiple lessons in these slides and will cover several different content.  The first lessons cover: What is an ecosystem? A habitat? And then we will explore the ecosystem of the salt marsh and crawlers, specifically crabs.

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/16nDb8FUmSRAE787FRkgQsAJIky2KfqiLbKfKzqsZBB4/edit?usp=sharing

Texas Bay Ecosystem
A vital mix of land and sea where freshwater meets the Gulf of Mexico

The Texas bay ecosystem is made up of a series of shallow, semi-enclosed coastal bodies of water along the Texas Gulf Coast. These bays are estuaries, where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico. This mix creates a rich, productive habitat for many plants and animals.

Key Features

  • Includes major bays like Galveston Bay, Matagorda Bay, San Antonio Bay, Corpus Christi Bay, and Laguna Madre
  • Surrounded by marshes, mudflats, barrier islands, and wetlands
  • Water is usually shallow, warm, and full of nutrients
  • Water salinity can vary depending on rainfall, tides, and river flow

Plant Life

  • Dominated by salt marsh grasses (like Spartina) and seagrasses (like shoal grass)
  • Also includes mangroves, algae, and phytoplankton
  • These plants stabilize the shoreline, filter pollutants, and provide food and shelter for animals

Animal Life

  • Home to fish, crabs, shrimp, oysters, and marine invertebrates
  • Important nursery grounds for species like:
    • Red drum (redfish)
    • Speckled trout
    • Blue crab
    • Brown and white shrimp
  • Supports marine mammals like bottlenose dolphins and occasional manatees
  • Important feeding and nesting sites for coastal birds, including:
    • Brown pelicans
    • Herons and egrets
    • Roseate spoonbills
    • Migratory shorebirds

Human Use

  • Popular for fishing, boating, and tourism
  • Supports commercial seafood industries, especially for shrimp, oysters, and finfish
  • Oil and gas production, shipping, and port activity are common near some bays
  • Many nearby cities depend on the bays for recreation and economy

Threats and Challenges

  • Pollution from runoff, agriculture, and industry
  • Habitat loss due to development, erosion, and dredging
  • Climate change, causing sea level rise and stronger storms
  • Freshwater shortages, especially when river flow is reduced by upstream dams
  • Invasive species, like zebra mussels and certain types of algae

Conservation Efforts

  • Protected areas include state parks, wildlife refuges, and estuaries under management plans
  • Restoration projects focus on:
    • Replanting marsh grasses and seagrasses
    • Oyster reef restoration
    • Improving water quality
  • Community involvement and education help support long-term care of the ecosystem

Interesting Facts

  • The Texas bays are among the most productive estuaries in the United States
  • Galveston Bay alone produces millions of pounds of seafood each year
  • Bays serve as natural storm buffers, protecting inland areas from hurricanes
  • Laguna Madre is one of only a few hypersaline lagoons in the world
  • These ecosystems support both wildlife and millions of Texans

Possible Books

  • A Wetland Habitat by Kate Messner
  • Over in the Wetlands by Caroline Starr Rose
  • Squish! A Wetland Walk by Nancy Luenn
  • A Wetland Habitat by Bobbie Kalman
  • Fun in the Mud: A Wetlands Tale

Procedures: 

  1. Introduce wetlands ecosystems by asking what students know about them. Write what students say down in a possible KWL chart.
  2. Watch a video, read a book, or use slideshow to teach students about wetlands ecosystems.
  3. Students complete the chart in their science journal or on a sheet of paper.
  4. Read a book on wetlands ecosystems
  5. Possibly finish KWL chart

Worksheet Example:

Example Picture of Eggshell Sentence describing what you saw

Questions to Ask: 

  • What is an ECOSYSTEM?
  • What is a habitat?
  • What is the salt marsh?
  • What animals might you find there? 
  • What are some living things you might find? Nonliving?
  • What are some facts you already think you know about crabs?
  • What are some facts you learned about crabs?

Evaluations:

  • Student participation
  • Student worksheet

Extensions:

  • Students write a fiction or nonfiction story about a wetland
  • Students create their own model of a wetland using maker space materials
  • Students complete various wetland worksheets and lessons
  • Students can read other books or research about animals or plants commonly found in the wetlands.

Lesson by Tanya Schilinger, Shawnee Estevanes, and Mandy McFall